FredMoms.com: Your Baby Today

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One Month Old

Milestones this month*

Your baby can lift his head slightly for a few seconds when lying on his stomach.
He focuses his eyes on your face.
With his eyes, he'll follow an object moved about six inches above his face.

*All babies have their own internal developmental timetable. If your 1-month-old hasn't yet reached these milestones, rest assured that he will in time. If you have concerns about your baby's development, discuss them with his doctor.

Your newborn's natural reflexes

After nine months in the womb, your baby will be equipped to say hello to the world with these universal reflexes:

Grasp: His little hand will grip your finger when you stroke his palm.
Startle: When he's startled by a loud noise or a quick movement, your baby will thrust out his arms and legs, then draw them back and cry.
Rooting: When you rub the corner of your baby's mouth, he'll immediately turn toward your finger. This rooting instinct is what helps him to latch onto your nipple for feeding.
Sucking: Your baby is ready and willing to suck for feeding; sucking also comforts him.
Tonic neck: Lie your newborn on his side, and watch how he extends his arm and leg on the side he's lying on, and flexes the arm and leg on the opposite side.
Walking: Although he's far from ready for the real thing, if you support your baby upright in a standing position, you'll see him naturally try to step out.

Your baby's developing senses
At 1 month, your baby will be experiencing a symphony of the senses. What he hears and sees can make him quiet, agitated, satisfied or blissful -- sometimes all four emotions in the same breath!

Seeing: Your baby's vision tends to be nearsighted: he's able to focus best on objects eight to 15 inches away. Bold shapes and bold black-and-white patterns attract his attention. Place a mobile over his crib so your baby can follow its movements. He's already turning his head and eyes to look at you. And your baby also is trying out his mime talents by imitating your facial expressions.
Hearing: Your baby knows your voice well, and he responds to it by growing quieter or more excited. Speak to your baby or sing to him as you feed, diaper, rock, and bathe him. Your words will be his first tools of communication. From you your newborn will learn to speak and to listen. You'll also discover that babies like the sound of music; play soft lullaby tapes throughout the day and at bedtime to help him relax.
Touching: Your tiny one responds to your touch. Take advantage of the opportunities to be close-feeding, cuddling or just rocking. Respond to your baby's cries; this will help him learn very early that you're there to comfort and care for him.

Snooze news
During these first weeks, your little one will sleep -- and sleep -- and sleep. The average newborn logs 15 to 18 hours of sleep per day, often in the form of short naps. Though you're probably hoping that his longest sleep stretches will occur during the night, don't count on it, at least not for awhile. One way to move closer to that goal is to wake him if he sleeps for more than three to four hours at a time during the day.

Dinner!
Already, your baby anticipates mealtime. If you're breastfeeding, plan to nurse him every two to three hours. You'll know he's getting enough to eat if he seems satisfied following the feeding, if he continues to have wet diapers and stays within a normal growth curve.

If your baby is taking formula from a bottle, plan on feeding him every three to four hours. Initially, he'll eat about two to four fluid ounces at each feeding, but gradually the amount will increase.

As he begins to recognize your face, your voice and your touch, he's also building his fledgling memory bank. And before you know it, he'll express that recognition and trust with a big, beautiful smile -- incredible!

Experts agree that breastmilk is best for your baby. Not only is it the most nutritionally complete food your newborn will ever eat, but it also benefits your baby in other ways. Even if you plan to bottle-feed formula to your baby, consider breastfeeding these first few days so your baby can benefit from this nutritious natural food.

Two Month Old

Milestones this month*

Your baby can follow an object as it's passed over her face, looking in an arc about six inches from her face.
She steadily holds up her head.
Baby rolls over in one direction.
She can raise her chest using her arms for support while lying on her stomach.
Baby smiles when you smile at her.
She responds to loud sounds by becoming completely silent, crying, or acting startled.
Baby coos.
She focuses on very small objects, like raisins.
Baby may laugh out loud. She may even squeal.

*All babies have their own internal developmental timetable. If your 2-month-old hasn't yet reached these milestones, rest assured that she will in time. If you have concerns about your baby's development, discuss them with her doctor.

Four ways you can help sharpen your baby's senses

Your baby may coo even more when you stimulate her senses by doing the following:

Add color Hang a brightly colored mobile over baby's bed.
Play music Introduce more upbeat, bouncy music during playtime. If baby grows anxious, end the music and soothe her in a calm voice.
Pay attention Watch your baby to see what attracts her and what frightens her. Try different tones of voice and songs.
Cuddle Don't worry about "teaching" her a thing or measuring her every millimeter of growth. All she really needs now is your loving attention.

Four reasons why your baby may be fussy

Colic Affecting 10 to 20 percent of babies, colic causes babies to have periods of intense crying -- which can occur several times per week and last for several hours. You'll know it when you hear it: Colic elicits sharp cries and screams that aren't relieved by a dry diaper or another bottle. Colic often shows up more frequently during the late afternoon and evening.

Constipation Your baby's bowel movements should be soft; if they're hard and dry and resemble little pebbles and are infrequent, your baby may be constipated. Ask your doctor if small feedings of water can help soften the stools.

Intestinal gas One good way to avoid intestinal gas in formula-fed babies is to fill the bottle with one fluid ounce of formula more than you'll feed your baby. That way, she won't end up sucking on an empty bottle and allowing air to enter her intestines. Also, keep the bottle tilted at a 45-degree angle to reduce air.
Formula intolerance Your fussy baby may be having difficulty tolerating her formula. Babies are born with immature digestive systems that continue to develop and mature during the first 4 to 6 months of life. If she exhibits any unusual behavior after feeding (such as crying or fussiness), speak with your doctor. If you do decide to switch formulas, do so gradually.

Five Month Old

Milestones this month*

He can hold his head steady when sitting upright.

Baby can raise his chest with arm support while lying on his stomach.

He can roll over in one direction.

Baby can grasp a rattle.

He pays attention to very small objects.

Baby squeals with delight.

He spontaneously smiles.

Baby mimics sounds and gestures.

He turns towards the source of a sound or voice.

Baby gets attention by babbling.

He makes different sounds for different needs.

*All babies have their own internal developmental timetable. If your 5-month-old hasn't yet reached these milestones, rest assured that he will in time. If you have concerns about your baby's development, discuss them with his doctor.

Coordination cues
Your baby's ability to reach out accurately is a signal that his coordination is more keen. He now can transfer a toy or object from hand to hand. To reinforce this new talent while you change his clothes, encourage baby to transfer a favorite toy from one hand to the other as you put each arm in a shirtsleeve. With his increased control and dexterity also comes the ability–and inclination–to bring toys and other objects to his mouth.

Your baby also is gaining a new understanding of how to grasp and hold objects. The way baby shapes his hand to grasp a round object will be different than the way he grasps a flat object like a page. Baby also will begin to use his hands more often to push away things he doesn't want, like that dropper full of medicine.

Strength training
Your baby's strength is increasing, too. He's now strong enough to roll over from his stomach onto his back, push himself up so part of his chest and stomach are off the floor, and rock himself on his stomach. Leg strength is growing as well. With you there to balance him, your baby is able to stand and support his own weight for short periods of time.

Sounds are golden

This month, your baby will stay alert for longer periods of time, which means he'll need more attention from mom and dad than he did in months past. Keep these thoughts in mind as your family life begins to become more routine:

Your baby is becoming a better communicator. He may begin to mimic and express his own range of sounds based on his needs. You'll soon be able to tell whether or not these vocal gestures mean he's happy. If your baby wants attention, he'll babble away to get it. If you laugh every time he makes a cute little coo or sound, your 5-month-old will learn to repeat it to get your reaction.
Your baby also is learning to locate the source of your voice. Talk to him from across the room and he'll turn his head toward you. He'll begin to watch your mouth when you talk, and increasingly he'll be able to tell where your voice is coming from.
Your baby's new ability to distinguish and mimic different sounds and gestures are examples of his new vocal coordination and control. Vocal play can be an entertaining activity this month while you encourage and reinforce these new skills.

Eight Month Old

Milestones this month*

Your baby now can crawl or scoot on her stomach.
She can sit without support.
Baby can "rake" a small toy toward her on the floor and pick it up.
She can get into a sitting position from her stomach.
Baby can pull up to a standing position from a seated one.
She walks by holding onto furniture.
Baby can stand alone (for at least a few seconds).
She looks for dropped objects.
Baby shows unhappiness when you take something away.
She plays peekaboo.
Baby can say, "mama" or "dada."
She plays patty-cake and waves good-bye.
Baby understands the meaning of "no."

*All babies have their own internal developmental timetable. If your 8-month-old hasn't yet reached these milestones, rest assured that she will in time. If you have concerns about your baby's development, discuss them with her doctor.

Where the action is
Your baby's new mobility means that it's time to further baby proof your home.

Your baby will display an uncanny knack for finding any small item left lying on the furniture or floors -- and for putting it immediately in her mouth. Likewise, dropping her favorite items, picking them up, and putting them back in her mouth will be a favorite pastime. Remove any pacifier, bottle, toy, or food item that's been dropped before it finds its way back into your baby's open mouth.

A change in temperament
Just a few months ago, your baby was a social butterfly. But these days you may notice a change in her happy-go-lucky disposition, and ask yourself:

Why is she so afraid of everything?
Why do her surroundings seem to intimidate her?
Why does she sometimes howl in terror at the sight of even close family friends and caregivers?

Helping your baby find comfort in new surroundings

Hug and talk softly. Don't push your baby into situations with others if she's afraid. As you approach others, give baby little hugs and quietly tell her who's ahead. Alert the others to her anxieties, and ask them to move slowly. Suggest they talk to baby quietly and smile often, rather than pick her up or hug her. Remember -- even the sudden movements or loud laughter of others can panic her.
Accept separation anxiety, and move on. Your baby wants to be with you, so she may fall apart when you leave the room. Sometimes your baby even may lose control when her dad is left in charge. The good news is that most times, once you leave the room, your baby is just fine with another familiar face. If her separation anxiety is serious, you may have to limit your time away from your baby until she passes through this phase.
Let her find security. Now that your baby knows she's her own person and not a part of you, she may find that scary. She may attach herself to something else that brings her comfort -- a blanket, a pillow, a pacifier, or a doll -- something that doesn't walk away from her. Don't make an issue of it, but limit its use to the home or bedtime. And keep it clean, even if you have to throw it in the washer while your child is asleep. Don't allow her security object to be a bottle of milk or juice -- sucking on these liquids for long periods of time, especially during the night, can cause tooth decay.

Three Month Old

Milestones this month*

Your baby can bring his hands together.
With a mighty effort, baby can raise his chest, supported by his arms, when he lies on his stomach.
Baby can roll over (one way).
He reaches for objects.
Baby can put some weight on his legs when you hold him upright.
He makes sounds like "ah goo."
Baby laughs out loud.
He squeals when he's happy.
Baby smiles spontaneously.
He can focus on very small objects.
Baby turns toward the sound of a familiar voice.

*All babies have their own internal developmental timetable. If your 3-month-old hasn't yet reached these milestones, rest assured that he will in time. If you have concerns about your baby's development discuss them with his doctor.

Finally: a little predictability!
Because your baby's nervous system is maturing as well, his internal clock is becoming better regulated. More-established patterns are surfacing; the baby's eating and sleeping habits now are more likely to fit into a routine. You'll also notice less crying. How nice!

When baby cries
One of the toughest decisions you may face will be about crying. Most experts recommend soothing those cries as soon as possible–at least during your baby's first few months. It's virtually impossible to spoil your new infant–hold and snuggle him continually. Coo with baby, too! As you watch baby grow and see how capable he is of entertaining himself, remember baby can use those same skills to calm himself when a crying spell occurs. If baby isn't able to calm himself, use toys, books, or music to comfort him rather than picking him up. Or direct his attention to his crib's mirror; it may distract him enough to calm him down.

Get ready to welcome a caregiver
By now, your baby is getting ready to meet the world head-on. And you may feel a bit more comfortable about leaving him with a familiar caregiver Helping him become accustomed to a new face and voice, even for just a short time, will help both of you become more independent.

Here are important instructions to share with your in-home caregiver:

How to comfort and calm your baby
Which are his favorite toys, books, and tapes
The most effective way to burp him
How to prepare your baby's bottle
The fine points of his eating and sleeping schedules
Where to find first-aid and emergency supplies
The phone number where you can be reached as well as other emergency phone numbers
Authorization forms that let your child receive emergency medical attention, if needed

At 3 months, the "typical" baby weighs 13 pounds and measures 24 inches. But don't worry if your baby is smaller or larger. Babies, like adults, vary in size and shape. In fact, the "average" weight for a 3-month-old can range from 9 to 16 pounds and the "average" length from 22 to 25 inches.

Four Month Old

Milestones this month*

Your baby can raise herself up on straightened arms while lying on her tummy and look all around.
She can grasp a rattle.
Baby laughs out loud.
She squeals with delight.
Baby smiles spontaneously.
She pays attention to very small objects.
Baby experiments by making new sounds.
She recognizes parents and siblings.

*All babies have their own internal developmental timetable. If your 4-month-old hasn't yet reached these milestones, rest assured that she will in time. If you have concerns about your baby's development, discuss them with her doctor.

What your baby is discovering

Hands Because baby can't crawl or walk yet, your little one literally is trying to pull the world toward her. You may notice baby intently studying her hands; at some point, she'll bravely stuff them into her mouth, surprising herself with the knowledge that these fascinating appendages actually are part of her! Once your baby has mastered this skill, she'll try the tricky stuff -- grabbing one hand with the other and then pulling them apart.
Toys New skills call for new toys. Your baby will love brightly colored, squeaky toys; soft, bumpy textures are good, too. Give your baby toys with knobs, handles, and loops -- anything that provides an easy grip. Look for safe baby toys that are one solid piece; stay away from those with small parts and ones that could fit entirely into her mouth. Crib gyms and play gyms are great at this age. Your baby can lie under them and squeeze, bat away, or kick at the brightly colored objects that hang within her reach. Mirrors and bells are popular attractions on these gyms, too. Be sure to check the toy package label for information regarding age appropriateness.

Laughter Maybe it's a high-pitched giggle or a rumbling belly laugh, but the first few times it erupts from her mouth, your baby may surprise herself. Your positive reactions to her peals of laughter will let her know that she's truly making a joyful noise.

Oh, sweet sleep
Your baby's increased activities also may account for another major 4-month developmental step: She's starting to sleep on a schedule! Most 4-month-olds are sleeping through the night for about nine hours at a stretch. This means that her daytime sleep probably is more predictable now, too -- typically morning and afternoon naps that each last for two to three hours.

Keep in mind that your baby still may stir often during the night, make little noises or perhaps even awaken. If she's not fussing, it's best to leave her alone so she can learn to put herself back to sleep. If she can't fall back to sleep on her own, try speaking softly or patting her first. If that doesn't work, lift her out of the crib for a feeding or diaper change. Keep the lights low, and talk softly and as little as possible. Try not to turn this break into playtime; the more relaxed she is, the more likely she'll fall back to sleep soon.

Let's "chat"

Your 4-month-old is finding all sorts of ways to communicate:

She's becoming your family's one-baby band as she tries lots of new ways to connect with you and satisfy her own curiosity. Baby's babbles, though not ready for the Top 40, may have a definite singsong quality to them. Brace yourself for a high pitch and lots of repetition.
"Ah goo" or similar vowel-consonant combinations will make up her vocabulary, along with some carefully chosen "oohs" and "ahs." Answer her with the same tones and inflections; she'll love this chat time -- especially if you spice up your end with facial expressions and gestures. These will be her first lessons in learning the art of conversation!
Baby's smiles will become more frequent; she may even fake a cough to get your attention. Always take the time to acknowledge these attempts at socializing. You'll know when baby especially wants to visit with you by the look in those bright, eager eyes.
Baby also will soon learn how to let you know when she's not in the mood for parent patter. Her eyes may glaze over, she may cover her face with her arm, or she may turn her head away. Baby will begin to learn the power of the protest, too. She may cry out in anger or frustration if you test her patience, especially if you take something away from her.

Six Month Old

Milestones this month*

Your baby now can sit on her own.
She rocks and pivots while lying on her stomach.
Baby can roll from her back onto her stomach–and back again.
She digs her fingers and toes into the floor to push herself toward a favorite toy.
Baby can eat a cracker.
She can pick up a cereal ring or other small object.
Baby has more than doubled her birth weight.
She can say vowel-consonant combinations.
Baby expresses unhappiness when an object or toy is taken away.
She can pass objects from one hand to another.
Baby looks for dropped toys.
She has discovered herself in the mirror, and loves having conversations with this new little friend.

*All babies have their own internal developmental timetable. If your 6-month-old hasn't yet reached these milestones, rest assured that she will in time. If you have concerns about your baby's development, discuss them with her doctor.

Sit up and take notice
This is the month most likely to see your baby sit on her own and gain a whole new perspective on the world around her. Once the teetering ends, baby will be able to reach for toys and play with them with perfect balance.

If you're concerned that your baby isn't sitting up yet, keep in mind that some babies are closer to 9 months old before they master this skill. "Practice sessions" for sitting are helpful: Sitting on the floor, prop your baby up in the v-shape of your extended legs to help her get accustomed to this new position. And if your baby is still a bit on the chubby side, remember that it may be more difficult for her to keep her balance right now.

High energy
Aside from the temporary annoyances of teething, this phase of your baby's life is filled with boundless energy. Baby becomes a virtual wiggle worm when you attempt to feed or diaper her. Squirming and arching her back as you hold her are baby's ways of saying, "Put me down–I've got work to do!"

Baby's also honing her fine motor skills, and water play can provide great training. If you include toy pitchers, buckets, and watering cans in her bath, you're sure to elicit both giggles and improved coordination.

Any of the various commercially available activity boards also will help baby master several small motor skills. Many of these boards can be safely attached to the side of a crib, letting your baby entertain herself–and learn–before and after sleep time.

Chitchat is good!

As your baby's happy talk becomes more precise, there are many ways you can help her develop her language skills:

Always speak slowly and clearly when you talk to baby.
Use short sentences and continue to identify objects, showing baby the objects as you say their names.
Repeat the sounds your baby makes. After a time, slightly alter the sounds and wait for her to repeat them to you.
Focus on repetition. Singing the same songs or reciting the same nursery rhymes not only entertains your baby, but the repetition will help her learn.
Read, read, and read some more. Ask your baby simple questions about the pictures in the books you read.
Don't talk at your baby. Give her time to respond–even if it's just in her own way.

Seven Month Old

Milestones this month*

Your baby now can bear weight on his legs when you hold him upright.
He can sit without support.
Baby can stand while holding onto someone or something.
He can pull himself up to a standing position from a seated one.
Baby walks by holding on to furniture.
He babbles.
Baby plays peekaboo.
He plays patty-cake.
Baby waves good-bye.
He can say "mama" or "dada."

*All babies have their own internal developmental timetable. If your 7-month-old hasn't yet reached these milestones, rest assured that she will in time. If you have concerns about your baby's development, discuss them with her doctor.

Ready for action
As your baby cruises through his seventh month, he's more aware of how strong he is -- and how that strength can get him where he wants to go. With strength comes your baby's desire to get moving, and he'll be crawling soon.

Caution! Some parents buy baby walkers to help their little ones travel from room to room. Many doctors discourage the use of baby walkers. Too many emergency rooms have seen babies who've fallen down staircases while in a walker; walkers also can tip over or roll onto the fingers or toes of other children at home. Some doctors also believe that too much time in a walker can slow a baby's muscle development.

Expect plenty of testing

Prepare yourself for the manipulation game. Your baby has learned that a mere squawk from his mouth will send you running; the insistent lifting of his arms all but guarantees you'll sweep him off his feet. Resist the temptation. Here's how to help your baby learn to entertain himself for short periods of time:

Devote short periods of time to him all day, or see that your child-care provider does. Sit down and read him a book, play finger games with him, or help him build a tower of blocks. Let him know you're always availableñbut just for limited amounts of time.
Provide a change of atmosphere if baby starts to fuss. Place baby onto a blanket on the floor or move him to another room. (Just make sure he's not fussing because he's tired, hungry, or in need of a fresh diaper.) Monitor his surroundings periodically, occasionally replacing the few toys that are within his reach. Don't let piles of toys accumulate around him; they can overwhelm him.
If his crankiness doesn't subside, go to baby and show him how to play with a particular toy or object, but don't sit down with him or pick him up. After a brief demonstration, go back to your own tasks. And don't hesitate to tell himñin a calm, pleasant voiceñthat you need to do your work, too. Keep chatting or singing to him as you busy yourself within his earshot; return to him if he threatens to erupt but before he actually starts to scream. (You don't want him to think that this is the ultimate way to bring you back to your senses.)

Changing eye color
Sometime between 6 and 7 months, your baby's eyes may change color. Until now, they've appeared blue. The amount of pigment in the eye's iris determines the permanent color, a pigment which may not be fully developed until your baby is closer to a year old. Blue eyes still could turn brown, but brown eyes won't become blue.

Nine Month Old

Milestones this month*

Your baby now can pull himself up to a standing position from sitting down.
He can stand while holding on to someone or something.
Baby uses the "pincer grasp," holding tiny objects between his thumb and forefinger.
He can walk while holding onto furniture.
Baby drinks from a cup.
He can stand alone for a few seconds or perhaps longer.
Baby says "mama" or "dada."
He understands the meaning of "no."
Baby responds to simple commands (such as "Give Mommy the toy").

*All babies have their own internal developmental timetable. If your 9-month-old hasn't yet reached these milestones, rest assured that she will in time. If you have concerns about your baby's development, discuss them with her doctor.

Skip that morning nap?
Your baby's newfound independence may lead him to try to overthrow your sleep rules -- at nap time and at bedtime. At 9 months, he may start to wean himself from a morning nap. Be supportive, unless he just can't make it to lunchtime without being fussy and overtired.

Bedtime rituals

Don't be surprised if your usually complacent baby starts refusing to go to bed. To keep the house calm at night, try these tips:

Establish bedtime rituals that relax your baby. Give him a warm bath, read him a book, listen to soothing music, or rock him in a chair and cuddle.
Don't rock him to sleep. Wait until he's very relaxed and drowsy but still awake before you put him in the crib. You want him to learn to fall asleep by himself.
Once the baby is in his crib, leave the room. Even with his eyes closed, he'll sense your presence, and that will alert and distract him.
Encourage your baby to become attached to a particular doll, stuffed animal, or blanket. Make sure it's with him when he goes to bed.

Eventually, sleep will come easily again. And it should, for all the miles your baby's now putting on during the day.

Playtime

Though it may be a bit too soon to break out the board games, your baby is more than ready to play lots of fun games with you. And while keeping him entertained is important, so are the social, language, and coordination skills he'll learn from these games. Here are some fun examples of activities you can share:

Peekaboo: Cover your face with a blanket or your hands, or hide behind something. Call out "Where's Mommy?" and then uncover your face and say "peekaboo!" You're guaranteed plenty of giggles -- and lots of requests for encores.
So big: Ask your baby how big he is, then indicate it by spreading your arms (and his) wide and reciting, "So-o-o-o big!"
One, two, buckle my shoe: This is a great opportunity to begin counting with your child, either with his fingers or while climbing stairs. "One, two, buckle my shoe. Three, four, shut the door. Five, six, pick up sticks. Seven, eight, lay them straight. Nine, ten, start again."
Face fun: It's hard to find a baby who doesn't love pointing to (and pulling on) your facial features. Turn this into a game by making funny noises for each feature; remember to repeat the feature's name each time ("This is Daddy's nose") so you'll reinforce the labels and language.

Twelve Month Old

Milestones this month*

Your baby now drinks from a cup without assistance.
She can stand alone for several minutes.
Baby walks well (keep in mind that good crawlers often are late walkers).
She waves good-bye and plays pat-a-cake.
Baby says "mama" and "dada."
She says other one-syllable words (like "hi").
Baby expresses her wants with gestures and words instead of cries.
She engages in gibberish conversation.
Baby responds to simple commands.

*All babies have their own internal developmental timetable. If your 11-month-old hasn't yet reached these milestones, rest assured that she will in time. If you have concerns about your baby's development, discuss them with her doctor.

Food for thought
By 12 months, your baby is ready to be weaned from breastfeeding or bottle-feeding. You've been preparing for this time by introducing a training cup (which your baby is probably handling well on her own by now) and gradually cutting back on her traditional liquid feedings. Consequently, you'll want to increase her intake of solid foods to compensate for the decrease in liquids and to fuel any growth spurts she may be experiencing.

On the other hand, some 1-year-olds may show a decreased appetite about now. Keep in mind that although babies triple their birth weight during the first year, they add only about a quarter of their weight during the second year. Maybe your little ravenous one has slowed down because she'd rather be playing; maybe she's testing her newfound independence. Teething also can make your baby lose interest in food.

Try to strike the right balance between letting her eat when she's hungry and letting her pick at her food when she's not. Don't force food on her, but maintain control over her nutritious snacking between meals.

Doing little things a lot better
As your baby feeds herself, you'll notice how wonderfully her fine motor skills are developing. Remember how she used to slap at the spoon until it finally settled into her palm? Now she picks it up with the precision of a surgeon -- and places it in her mouth with ease.

Those same hands now manipulate objects in every way imaginable -- pinching, poking, squeezing and twisting -- to determine their makeup. And the adorable wave that used to flap madly at the wrist is now a crisp, authoritative, "See ya later, pal!"

Play group, anyone?

Few things are more adorable than watching your 1-year-old grab a buddy in a great big bear hug. One-year-olds are just beginning their forays into friendships. Understand that parallel play -- where children play alongside one another but not with each other -- is really all your 1-year-old is capable of right now. Here's how you can help make these social engagements more productive:

Understand that your "shy" child is normal. Social behavior may not fully develop for another year or two. In the meantime, work on helping your child love and appreciate herself, and don't push her into situations she can't handle.
Sharing isn't a concept to which a 1-year-old can relate. And she probably won't get it until she's 2 or 3. In the meantime, prevent her from doing bodily harm to the friend who also wants the doll, and redirect her if possible.
Intervene immediately if your child hurts anyone. If your child kicks, bites or grabs another child, take her aside and explain that what she did hurt someone else, and that that's not acceptable. Be firm and calm. Then help her begin a new activity. Be prepared to have this conversation often.

Just for mom
With your baby now at the 1-year mark, you may be thinking about expanding your family even further. Remember, it's never too early to start nourishing your next baby. Maintaining optimum health during your childbearing years is an essential part of being a mother. If you're planning on another pregnancy, you need extra folic acid and iron in your diet; ask your doctor whether you should take nutrition supplements.

Eleven Month Old

Milestones this month*

She can walk while holding onto furniture.
Baby can stand alone, possibly for a few minutes.
She drinks from a cup.
Baby plays pat-a-cake or waves good-bye.
She understands the meaning of "no."
Baby says "mama" or "dada."
She expresses herself with gestures and sounds instead of cries.
Baby can roll a ball to you.
She uses gibberish in a conversational way.

*All babies have their own internal developmental timetable. If your 10-month-old hasn't yet reached these milestones, rest assured that she will in time. If you have concerns about your baby's development, discuss them with her doctor.

Fancy footwork

Shoeless is cool You may wonder what's the appropriate footwear for your newly mobile baby. Most doctors recommend nothing. Your baby's feet develop best when they're bare; this helps build arches and strengthen ankles. But if you're looking for protection while you're outdoors, choose low-cut baby shoes with flexible soles, flexible uppers, flat nonskid bottoms and a roomy fit.
Stepping up Your active 10-month-old probably also has discovered stairs -- and how to climb them. Most likely, baby knows how to go up but not how to come down. Encourage her to crawl up the stairs, but make sure you're planted close behind her. Do the same as she maneuvers her way back down; help baby put her knees and feet in the proper positions for the trip back down. Never leave your child unattended on or near stairs; those tumbles can result in serious injury.
Exercise cautiously As your baby grows stronger and more active, it may be tempting to introduce her to some of the exercise opportunities outside your home. Before you engage in any "baby workouts," though, there are some things to consider:

Infant swimming Use these classes to help your child become comfortable in the water; your baby isn't quite ready to learn the breaststroke!

Baby exercise classes or videotapes Look for fun activities that provide socialization, not competition. Avoid those that promote passive motion (where you move your baby's limbs), stretching or any techniques that are aimed at improving strength, conditioning or coordination. These exercises could cause serious injuries to an infant's still-developing bones and joints.

Jogging Although running with your baby in a backpack may sound like a great bonding opportunity, keep in mind that the bouncing, jarring motions could injure her head or back. Also, you'll put her at risk if you fall or run into someone.

Thanks for the memory
Baby also may remember events. A song played on a carousel may trigger memories in your child when she hears it played later on a cassette tape. Though she may not be able to tell you in words that she recalls the song, her excited smiles and facial expressions will say it all.

"Out of sight, out of mind" no longer applies. If your child has ever enjoyed unrolling the toilet tissue that sits on the other side of the cabinet door, she'll remember the pleasure every time she passes the door.

Ten Month Old

Milestones this month*

She can walk while holding onto furniture.
Baby can stand alone, possibly for a few minutes.
She drinks from a cup.
Baby plays pat-a-cake or waves good-bye.
She understands the meaning of "no."
Baby says "mama" or "dada."
She expresses herself with gestures and sounds instead of cries.
Baby can roll a ball to you.
She uses gibberish in a conversational way.

Shoeless is cool You may wonder what's the appropriate footwear for your newly mobile baby. Most doctors recommend nothing. Your baby's feet develop best when they're bare; this helps build arches and strengthen ankles. But if you're looking for protection while you're outdoors, choose low-cut baby shoes with flexible soles, flexible uppers, flat nonskid bottoms and a roomy fit.
Stepping up Your active 10-month-old probably also has discovered stairs -- and how to climb them. Most likely, baby knows how to go up but not how to come down. Encourage her to crawl up the stairs, but make sure you're planted close behind her. Do the same as she maneuvers her way back down; help baby put her knees and feet in the proper positions for the trip back down. Never leave your child unattended on or near stairs; those tumbles can result in serious injury.
Exercise cautiously As your baby grows stronger and more active, it may be tempting to introduce her to some of the exercise opportunities outside your home. Before you engage in any "baby workouts," though, there are some things to consider:

Infant swimming Use these classes to help your child become comfortable in the water; your baby isn't quite ready to learn the breaststroke!

Baby exercise classes or videotapes Look for fun activities that provide socialization, not competition. Avoid those that promote passive motion (where you move your baby's limbs), stretching or any techniques that are aimed at improving strength, conditioning or coordination. These exercises could cause serious injuries to an infant's still-developing bones and joints.

Jogging Although running with your baby in a backpack may sound like a great bonding opportunity, keep in mind that the bouncing, jarring motions could injure her head or back. Also, you'll put her at risk if you fall or run into someone.